Building Competency in Diabetes Education THE ESSENTIALS

3-30 | CHAPTER 3

• Screening for diabetes using an FPG and/or A1C should be performed every three years in patients ≥40 years of age [Grade D, Consensus] . More frequent and/or earlier testing with FPG, and/or A1C, or a 2hPG in a 75 g OGTT should be considered in people with additional risk factors for diabetes [Grade D, Consensus] . These risk factors include (see Table 8): Table 8: Risk factors for type 2 diabetes • Age ≥40 years • First-degree relative with type 2 diabetes • Member of high-risk population (e.g. African, Arab, Asian, Hispanic, Indigenous or South Asian descent, low socioeconomic status) • History of prediabetes (lGT, lFG or A1C 6.0%–6.4%)* • History of GDM • History of delivery of a macrosomic infant • Presence of end organ damage associated with diabetes: o >Microvascular (retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy) o CV (coronary, cerebrovascular, peripheral) • Presence of vascular risk factors: o HDL- C <1.0 mmol/L in males, <1.3 mmol/L in females* o >TG ≥1.7 mmol/L* o Hypertension* o Overweight* o Abdominal obesity* o Smoking • Presence of associated diseases: o History of pancreatitis o Polycystic ovary syndrome* o Acanthosis nigricans* o Hyperuricemia/gout o Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis o Psychiatric disorders (bipolar disorder, depression, schizophrenia Ɨ ) o HIV infection ⱡ o Obstructive sleep apnea§ o Cystic fibrosis